Société Bank of Montreal Berne S.E.

Columbia Threadneedle Netherlands BV (CT Netherlands) is the wholly owned, Netherlands-based investment management subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Group (Holdings) Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. The firm was formerly known as F&C Netherlands BV and became BMO Asset Management Netherlands BV in 2018. They were renamed Columbia Threadneedle Netherlands BV when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. Headquartered in Amsterdam, CT Netherland manages fixed-income assets, credit, convertible stocks and real estate for Dutch institutional investors such as pension funds and insurance companies.

BMO Family Office LLC is a SEC-registered investment advisor and wealth management firm headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It was founded in 1981 as CTC myCFO LLC. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of BMO Financial Corp., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank of Montreal (NYSE, TSE: BMO) in Canada. The firm provides discretionary investment management and non-discretionary investment advisory services to high-net worth individuals, families, personal trusts, and family offices.

Part of Bank of Montreal, Clearpool Execution Services LLC is an American company that is transforming electronic trading with their algorithmic management system (AMS). The company is located in the US. The AMS offers a fully customizable suite of algorithmic trading tools, providing total visibility and control from strategy to execution.

Part of Bank of Montreal, BMO Global Capital Solutions, Inc. provides financial services. The company is based in Chicago, IL.

Bank of Montreal Mortgage Corp. provides mortgage banking, loan and saving facilities. It helps customers in financial affairs by delivering the financial services through a single point of contact. The company is headquartered in Calgary, Canada

Pyrford International Ltd. (Pyrford) is the Great Britain-based asset management subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Investments UK International Ltd., which is owned by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. The firm was founded by Bruce Campbell in 1987 and formerly known as Elders Investment Management Ltd. Headquartered in London, Pyrford provides global asset management services to collective investment schemes, investment management companies, local and state bodies, pension schemes, endowments, and foundations.

Polen Capital HK Ltd. (Polen Capital) is an asset management firm headquartered in Hong Kong. The firm was founded in 2013 as BMO Global Asset Management (Asia) Ltd. They are a subsidiary of LGM (Bermuda) Ltd., which is owned by Bank of Montreal (TSE: BMO) in Canada. Polen Capital provides discretionary investment advice to (1) government organizations, funds, institutional and intermediary investors through separately managed accounts; and (2) funds sponsored by the firm.

Part of Bank of Montreal, Fairway Finance Co. LLC is a company that provides financial services. The company is based in New York, NY.

Part of Greater Southwest Bancshares, Inc. (Texas), GSB Mortgage, Inc. is a full-service mortgage banking company that provides high-quality financial services to its consumers. The company is based in Grapevine, TX. The company develops effective custom programs for each individual borrower's needs and is a leader in introducing new emerging products in today's current market.

BMO Private Investment Counsel, Inc. (BPIC) is a Canadian investment management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1996 and formerly known as BMO Harris Investment Management, Inc. They are a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of BMO Nesbitt Burns, Inc., ultimately owned by the Bank of Montréal (NYSE, TSE: BMO). BPIC provides discretionary investment advisory services to pooled investment vehicles, corporations, pension plans, charitable organizations, insurance companies, trusts and estates, non-profit organizations and private foundations in Canada and the US.

Part of Bank of Montreal, Bank of Montreal (China) Co., Ltd. is a Chinese company that provides banking services. The company is based in Beijing, China.

BMO Nesbitt Burns, Inc. provides investment and financial advisory services. The firm offers financial planning; estate planning and preservation; retirement, insurance, and education planning; income replacement; tax minimization; and business succession planning advisory services. The company was founded in 1912 and is headquartered in Toronto, Canada.

Part of Bank of Montreal, BMO Capital Markets Ltd. is a leading, full-service financial services provider. The company is based in London, UK. The British company offers corporate and investment banking, treasury management, as well as research services. The company was founded in 1994. William Kenneth Spinney Smith has been the CEO of the company since 2004.

Part of Bank of Montreal, BMO Financial Corp. provides banking and investment services. The company is based in Wilmington, DE. Darrel Hackett has been the CEO of the company since 2023.

Part of Bank of Montreal, BMO Life Assurance Co. is a Canadian company that provides life insurance services. The company is based in Toronto, Canada.

BMO Asset Management Corp. (BMO AM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The firm was founded in 2012 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of BMO Financial Corp. (BMO), which is in turn a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank of Montreal (TSX: BMO), a Canadian diversified financial services company. BMO AM provides discretionary investment advisory services for, or provides non-discretionary investment advice to, institutions, individuals, and third-party sponsors of and clients participating in wrap-fee programs, as well as common and collective portfolios for which BMO Harris Bank, an affiliate of BMO AM, acts as trustee. In addition, BMO AM provides investment advisory services to private pooled vehicles and to affiliates for the benefit of their clients.

Thames River Capital LLP (TRC) is a specialist fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1998 and is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Capital (UK) Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. TRC provides specialist fund management services to professional investors and institutions in the UK and worldwide, through several single and multi-manager funds.

Columbia Threadneedle Multi-Manager LLP (CTMM) is a Great Britain-based investment management firm headquartered in London. The firm was founded in 2007 as Thames River Multi-Capital LLP and became BMO AM Multi-Manager LLP in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Multi-Manager LLP when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. The firm is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle AM (Holdings) Plc, ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTMM provides specialist fund management services to professional investors and institutions in the UK and worldwide.

BMO Investment Business Ltd. (BMO Investment) is a Private Equity firm, a subsidiary of BMO Asset Management (Holdings) Plc founded in 2005. The firm is headquartered in Edinburgh.

Columbia Threadneedle Management Ltd. (CTML) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1953 as F&C Management Ltd. and renamed BMO Asset Management Ltd. in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Management Ltd. when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. They are a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTML manages investments for individual investors, financial advisers, and wealth managers, as well as insurance firms, pension funds, and other institutions. CTML is a signatory to the United Nations Principles of Responsible Investing (UNPRI).

Columbia Threadneedle (EM) Investments Ltd. (Columbia Threadneedle EMI) is a specialist fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1995 and formerly known as LGM Investments Ltd. In 2021, they became a wholly owned subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Investments UK International Ltd., which is owned by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. The legal entity of LGM Investments Ltd. became Columbia Threadneedle (EM) Investments Ltd. in 2022. Columbia Threadneedle EMI provides a broad range of actively managed investment strategies and solutions for individual, institutional and corporate clients around the world.

Founded in 1988, Columbia Threadneedle Managers Ltd. is a subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. that provides security brokerage services. The company is based in London, UK.

Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. (CTAM) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1990 as F&C Asset Managers Ltd. and renamed BMO Asset Managers Ltd. in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. The firm is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle AM (Holdings) Plc, ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTAM manages a range of in-house and multi-manager funds for private individuals and institutional clients.

Columbia Threadneedle Fund Management Ltd. (CTFM) is the Great Britain-based alternative investment management subsidiary of WAM Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Founded in 1972, the firm was formerly known as F&C Treasury Ltd. and became BMO Fund Management Ltd. in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Fund Management Ltd. when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. Headquartered in London, CTFM manages a range of in-house and multimanager funds for private individuals and institutional clients.

Columbia Threadneedle Real Estate Partners LLP provides property and asset management services. It specializes in fund, asset and property management; reproperty investment; research; and fund administration. The company is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Columbia Threadneedle REP AM Plc (CT REP) is a property specialist headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1973 and formerly known as BMO REP Asset Management plc. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle REP AM Plc when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. The firm is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Real Estate Partners LLP, ultimately owned by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CT REP manages real estate assets for clients across Europe.

Loop Capital Asset Management -TCH LLC (LCAM) is an SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Miami, Florida. The firm was founded in 1985 and formerly known as Taplin, Canida & Habacht LLC. In 2022, Loop Capital Asset Management LLC acquired the firm from BMO Asset Management Corp. They are ultimately owned by Loop Capital Holdings LLC. LCAM offers customized fixed income portfolio management services primarily to institutions, such as retirement and pension accounts, government entities, trusts, estates, endowments and foundations.

Part of Bank of Montreal, BMO InvestorLine, Inc. provides online trading services. The company is based in Toronto, Canada.

BMO Covered Bond Guarantor LP provides guarantor services to a bank with respect to its programs. The firm is a limited partnership established under the laws of the Province of Ontario whose principal business is to provide a guarantee of the obligations of the Bank of Montreal (Bank) pursuant to covered bonds issued by the Bank, pursuant to the Bank’s Global Registered Covered Bond Program and certain ancillary activities. The company is headquartered in Ontario, Canada.

Part of Bank of Montreal, Bank of Montreal Europe Plc is a leading, full-service financial services provider based in Dublin, Ireland. The Irish company offers corporate and investment banking, treasury management, as well as research services. The company was founded in 1996. Jane Anne Negi has been the CEO of the company since 2019.

BMO Bank NA provides personal, business, and commercial banking products and financial advisory services. Its personal banking products and services include checking accounts; statement savings accounts, money market accounts, and certificates of deposit (CD); fixed and adjustable rate mortgages; credit cards, loans and lines of credit, and retirement accounts and investments; home equity, personal loans and lines of credit, and auto loans; and online banking, mobile banking, phone banking, payment and deposit, cross-border banking for Canadians, and switch kit services. The company was founded in 1882 and is headquartered in Chicago, IL.

BMO Capital Markets Corp. (BMOCMC) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1817 and is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of BMO Financial Corp., which is wholly-owned by Bank of Montreal (TSE: BMO, NYSE: BMO), a Canadian chartered bank. BMOCMC provides investment advisory and portfolio management services to institutional clients only.