Nicholas Price

Fidelity Management & Research Co. (FMR) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1946 and is a subsidiary of FMR LLC, also known as Fidelity Investments. FMR provides investment supervisory services, which include sub-advisory services, to Fidelity's family of mutual funds and exchange-traded funds, qualified tuition programs, privately offered unregistered investment funds, separately managed account clients, and various other institutional accounts.

FIL Investment Management (Hong Kong) Ltd. (FIL-HK) is the wholly-owned, Hong Kong-based investment management subsidiary of FIL Ltd., a privately-owned group headquartered in Bermuda. The firm was founded in 1981 and formerly known as Fidelity Investments Management (Hong Kong) Ltd. FIL-HK offers several mutual funds to investors through over 100 distributors in Hong Kong, which includes retail banks and insurance companies.

FIAM LLC (do-business-as Fidelity Institutional Asset Management) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Smithfield, Rhode Island. The firm was founded in 2006 and formerly known as Pyramis Global Advisors LLC. They are wholly-owned by FIAM Holdings LLC, which in turn is owned by FMR LLC, aka Fidelity Investments. FIAM provides discretionary investment management services to institutional accounts. The firm also sub-advices funds or accounts for affiliated advisers and unaffiliated advisers.

Fidelity Management & Research (Japan) Ltd. (FMR Japan) is the wholly-owned Japanese investment management subsidiary of Fidelity Management & Research Co., ultimately held by FMR LLC in the US. Headquartered in Tokyo, FMR Japan provides investment advisory and discretionary investment management services to investment companies in the Fidelity family of mutual funds and to clients of other affiliated and unaffiliated advisers.

Part of Okasan Securities Group, Inc., Okasan Securities Co., Ltd. is a Japanese financial company that provides financial instruments business services. The company is based in Tokyo, Japan. The company was founded in 1923. The CEO is Hiroyuki Shindo.

BlackRock Japan Co., Ltd. is the Japan-based investment advisory subsidiary of BlackRock Japan Holdings GK, headquartered in Tokyo. The firm was founded in 1988 and is ultimately held by BlackRock, Inc. (NYSE: BLK) in the US. BlackRock Japan merged with Barclays Global Investors Japan Co., Ltd. (BGI) in 2009. The resulting firm combines BlackRock's focus on actively managed funds with the former BGI's strength in index and exchange-traded funds. BlackRock Japan provides investment advisory services, manages Japanese investments, and contributes local specialist insight to Blackrock's range of funds, particularly the iShares tracker ETFs. Their clients are pension funds, governments, insurance companies, public institutions, funds, foundations, charitable organizations, operating companies, banks, government funds, asset management companies, and individual investors around the world.

BNY Mellon Investment Management Japan Ltd. (BNY-MIM) is the wholly-owned Japanese asset management subsidiary of BNY Mellon Investment Management (APAC) Holdings Ltd., itself a subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK) in the US. The firm was founded in 1998 as Mellon Global Investments Japan Ltd. and became BNY Mellon Asset Management Japan Ltd. in 2007. They changed their name into BNY Mellon Investment Management Japan Ltd. in 2020. Headquartered in Tokyo, BNY-MIM manages and distributes a range of investment products and provides financial advisory services for institutions, high net-worth individuals, professional investors and intermediaries.

NN Investment Partners (Japan) Co. Ltd. (NN IP-JP) is the Japanese subsidiary of NN Investment Partners Holdings NV, ultimately held by ING Groep N.V. (NYSE: ING) in The Netherlands. NN IP-JP was established in 1999 and services Japanese institutions (governmental and corporate pension funds, insurance companies and foundations) as well as private individuals. Based in Tokyo, the firm co-advises sub-funds of umbrella funds domiciled in Europe and manages Japan-domiciled funds, focusing on the Japanese market. They also distribute the diverse range of funds managed within the parent group.

Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co. Ltd. (Japan) (GSAM-Japan) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings LLC, ultimately held by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) in the US. The firm was founded in 1996 as Goldman Sachs Investment Trust and was renamed into Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co., Ltd. when the Goldman Sachs’ investment trust management and investment advisory companies merged in 2002. Headquartered in Tokyo, GSAM-Japan manages a range of mutual funds for clients such as pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, central banks, insurance companies, financial institutions, foundations, individual investors, and high net-worth individuals.

CLSA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. (CLSA Japan) is the Japan-based brokerage subsidiary of CLSA Ltd., itself a subsidiary of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. (SH: 600030; HK: 6030; PK: CIIHY) in China. The firm was established in 2004 as Calyon Securites Ltd. They subsequently became Credit Agricole Securities Asia B.V., Tokyo Branch and changed their name to CLSA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. in 2013 when they merged with CLSA Japan Co. Headquartered in Hong Kong, CLSA Japan provides brokerage services including Japanese & Asian research and European equities. The CLSA Japan team works closely with the global sales teams in London, NY, Hong Kong and Singapore.

Part of Codrington Japan, the Japanese company is a provider of investment research. The company is based in Tokyo, Japan and is led by CEO Wataru Nishimura.

RBS Securities Japan Ltd. (Broker) (RBSSJ) is the Japan-based securities arm of RBS Securities Japan Ltd., ultimately owned by the Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc (LSE: RBS) in Great Britain. Established in 1986 and located in Tokyo, RBSSJ is a brokerage firm which follows a client-led strategy which emphasizes innovation for a range of clients including banks, sovereigns, agencies, supranationals and insurers. Their activities encompass bond analysis, trading, Japanese bonds and fixed-income related products in particular bond futures, and derivatives including stock index futures and fund-linked derivatives. The firm designs and markets structured products linked to all asset classes including bonds, loans, hybrid capital, covered bonds, liability management, ratings and investor communication advisory. Their products are supported by a world class research team which incorporates economics, market strategy and quantitative analysis into a library of publications and products.

Cornell University is an educational institution that offers undergraduate and post graduate programs. It was founded in 1865 and is based in Ithaca, NY.

JPMorgan Asset Management (Japan) Ltd. (JPMorgan AM Japan) is the wholly-owned Japanese asset management subsidiary of JPMorgan Asset Management (Asia), Inc., ultimately held by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. The firm was founded in 1990 and formerly known as JPMorgan Fleming Asset Management (Japan). Headquartered in Tokyo, JPMorgan AM Japan provides financial advisory and investment management services to individual investors, government entities and institutions including pension funds.

Instinet Global Properties, Inc. provides infrastructure technology and data collocation solutions. The private company is based in New York, NY.

Instinet LLC is a SEC-registered broker-dealer headquartered in New York City. The firm is the equities execution services arm of the Nomura Group. The firm was founded in 1969 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Instinet Holdings, Inc., which is ultimately owned by Nomura Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8604) in Japan. Instinet offers the institutional investment community a suite of tailorable solutions, which includes market insights and commentary, full-service trading desks, advanced algorithmic trading strategies, access to unique and specialized liquidity via their array of crossing pools, and a set of workflow solutions.

Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. (DBSI) is a SEC-registered broker/dealer headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1971 and is a wholly-owned investment banking and brokerage arm of DB U.S. Financial Markets Holding Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (NYSE: DB, FRA: DBK) in Germany. DBSI provides securities brokerage and investment advisory services to domestic and international private clients and institutions. They are also a primary dealer in US government securities as designated by the Federal Reserve.

Part of Citigroup, Inc., Nikko Citigroup Services Ltd. provides investment banking services.

Nomura Asset Management Co., Ltd. (NAM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Nomura Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8604; NYSE: NMR) in Japan. Founded in 1959 as Nomura Securities Investment Trust Co., Ltd., the firm became Nomura Asset Management Co., Ltd. in 1997 when they merged with Nomura Investment Management Co., Ltd. Headquartered in Tokyo, NAM provides investment advisory services globally to a broad range of institutional investors as well as pooled investment vehicles, including private funds and Japanese investment trusts.

JPMorgan Securities Japan Co. Ltd. (JPMS-J) is the brokerage subsidiary of JPMorgan International Finance Ltd., itself a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. Headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, JPMS-J provides investment banking services, intermediary of Global Custody service and other asset servicing business provided by JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. and its group companies.

T. Rowe Price Singapore Pte Ltd. (Price Singapore) is an asset management firm headquartered in Singapore. The firm was founded in 2010 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price International Ltd., ultimately held by T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: TROW) in the US. Price Singapore provides investment management services for institutional clients who seek to invest in global securities markets.

Eaton Vance Management (EVM) is a SEC-registered mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1979 when Eaton & Howard merged with Vance, Sanders & Co. Prior to March 2021, they were a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eaton Vance Corp. Their direct owner is Morgan Stanley Domestic Holdings, Inc., ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS). EVM offers advisory services in a variety of equity, income, mixed-asset and alternative strategies to institutional clients, mutual funds, other pooled investment vehicles, and retail separately managed accounts.

Part of FMR LLC, Fidelity Management Trust Co. offers financial planning and advice, retirement plans, wealth management services, trading and brokerage services, and a wide range of investment products including mutual funds, ETFs, fixed income bonds, and CDs. The company is based in Boston, MA. The company also integrates environmental, social, and governance factors into investment research and decision making. With over 17 years of experience as a designated broker, Fidelity Management Trust can help effectively and efficiently oversee employees' investment and trading activities.

Custom Products provides investment research.

Rowland Asset Management KK is an independent investment adviser headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 2015, the firm offers asset management services to private and institutional clients.